Page 86 - Raw Diet References Book 2019

MINERALS

Calcium

Calcium (Adult dogs) As the calcium level
approaches the stated nutritional maximum, it may
be necessary to increase the levels of certain trace
elements such as zinc and copper.

Calcium (RA for puppies) A calcium level of a Jenkins KJ, Phillips PH. The Mineral Requirements of the Dog I.
0.8g/100g DM has been shown to be adequate Phosphorus Requirement and Availability. J. Nutr. 1960; 70: 235-240.
for growing dogs. a, b, c, f However, this level has b Jenkins KJ, Phillips PH. The Mineral Requirements of the Dog II.
been reported to be marginal for some breeds d, e The Relation of Calcium, Phosphorus and Fat Levels to Minimal
particularly during the fast growing phase (particularly Calcium and Phosphorus Requirements. J. Nutr. 1960; 70: 241-246.
breeds with lower energy requirements). c Goodman SA, Montgomery RD, Fitch RB et al. Serial orthopaedic
examinations of growing great Dane puppies fed three diets
After comparing all the data g, FEDIAF recommends varying in calcium and phosphorus. In: Recent advances in
that the calcium level in a pet food for early growth canine and feline nutrition. Vol 2. Iams Nutrition Sympoqium
should be at least 1g/100g DM. During late growth, Proceedings. G. Reinhardt & D. Carye edits. Wimington, Ohio,
it is recommended that large breed and giant breed Orange Frazer Press. 1998; pp. 3-12.
puppies continue to be fed a pet food containing d Alexander JE, Moore MP, Wood LLH. Comparative growth
at least 1 % of calcium until about 6 months of studies in Labrador retrievers fed 5 commercial calorie-dense
age. During the whole late growth phase, pet foods diets. Modern Veterinary practice 1988; 31: 144-148.
for puppies of small and medium size breeds may e Laflamme DP. Effect of breed size on calcium requirements for
contain less calcium (minimum 0.8% DM) and the puppies. Supplement to Compendium on Continuing Education
calcium-phosphorus ratio can be increased to 1.8/1. for the Practicing Veterinarian 2001; 23 (9A): 66-69.

f Lauten SD, Cox NR, Brawner WR, et al. Influence of dietary
calcium and phosphorus content in a fixed ration on growth and
development of Great Danes. Am J Vet Res. 2002; 63 (7): 1036-1047.
g Dobenecker B. et al. unpublished.

Calcium (Maximum for puppies) High intake a Hazewinkel HAW. Influences of different calcium intakes on
of calcium has an adverse effect on skeletal calcium metabolism and skeletal development in young Great
development in large breed dogs, particularly Danes. Thesis Utrecht University, 1985.
during the early growth phase. a, b Therefore a strict b Schoenmakers I, Hazewinkel HAW, Voorhout G, et al. Effect of
nutritional maximum is recommended for foods diets with different calcium and phosphorus contents on the
intended for large breed puppies. skeletal development and blood chemistry of growing grate
Danes. Vet Rec. 2000; 147: 652-660.
Weber et al. showed that when feeding a balanced c Weber M, Martin L, Dumon H, et al. Growth and skeletal
food, a calcium level of 1.6 % DM from 9 weeks of age development in two large breeds fed 2 calcium levels. J. Vet Int.
does not cause side effects. c, d Med 2000; 14 (May/June): 388 Abstr. 243.
d Weber M, Martin L, Dumon H, et al. Calcium in growing dogs of
During later growth up to 1.8% DM can be fed to all large breed: a safety range? ESVCN Congress Amsterdam, April
breed dogs including giant breeds with the exception 2000, Abstr.
of great Danes. This breed may be more susceptible e Laflamme DP. Effect of breed size on calcium requirements for
and it is preferable to continue with a food containing puppies. Supplement to Compendium on Continuing Education
a maximum calcium content of 1.6%. c, d, e for the Practicing Veterinarian 2001; 23 (9A): 66-69.

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