Page 144 - Raw Diet References Book 2019

vomiting, diarrhoea, agitation, muscular tremors 1972, Drolet et al. 1984).
and weakness, cardiac arrhythmias, convulsions,
and, in severe cases, renal damage, coma and death At necropsy, congestion in liver, kidneys, pancreas
(Glauberg 1983, Decker 1972, Nicholson 1995, Farbman and the gastro-intestinal tract are seen, as well as
2001, Hooser & Beasley 1986). Death may occur within unclotted haemorrhagic fluid in peritoneal and
six to 15 hours after intake of excessive amounts of thoracic cavities (Sutton ’81, Strachan & Bennett 1994).
chocolate or cocoa products (Glauberg 1983, Decker

7.2.4 Treatment

No specific antidote is available for theobromine, liquid. Repeated doses of activated charcoal can then be
only symptomatic treatment. In order to minimise the used to bind the remaining material and prevent further
absorption of theobromine vomiting can be induced absorption and increase excretion (Glauberg 1983,
immediately after ingestion. Subsequently lavage can Hooser & Beasley 1986, Farbman 2001, Carson 2001).
be applied with warm water to keep the chocolate

7.2.5 References

1. Benzel HA (1996) Chocolate poisoning in dogs. Veterinary 10. Hansen S, Trammel H, Dunayer E, et al. (2003) Cocoa bean mulch
Technician 135 & 184. as a cause of methylxanthine toxicosis in dogs. NACCT - Poster.

2. Campbell A. (2001) Chocolate intoxication in dogs. UK Vet, 6 11. Hooser SB, Beasley VR. (1986) Methylxanthine poisoning
(6): 40-42. (chocolate and caffeine toxicosis). In: Current Veterinary
Therapy IX Small Animal Practice ed. RW Kirk, WB Saunders
3. Carson TL, (2001) Methylxanthines. In: Small Animal Company pp.191-192.
Toxicology. Peterson ME, Talcott PA, edits. WB Saunders
Company, Philadelphia, PA. pp. 563-570. 12. Hoskam EG, Haagsma J. (1974) Chocoladevergiftiging bij twee
dashonden (Teckels) met dodelijke afloop. Tijdschrift voor
4. Decker RA, Myers GH. (1972) Theobromine Poisoning in a Dog. Diergeneeskunde 99 (10), 523- 525.
JAVMA, 161 (2), 198-199.
13. Humphreys DJ, Clarck ML. (1991) In: Canine Medicine and
5. Drolet R, Arendt TD, Stowe CM. (1984) Cacao bean shell Therapeutics 3rd edit Chandler; Thompson, Sutton Oxford
poisoning in a dog. JAVMA, 185 (8): 902. Blackwell Scientific Publications. pp: 723-738.

6. Faliu L. (1991) Les intoxications du chien par les plantes et 14. Nicholson SS. (1995) Toxicology. In: Textbook of Veterinary
produits d’origine végétale. Pratique médicale et chirurgicale Internal Medicine 3rd edit. S.J. Ettinger, E.C. Feldman, W.B.
de l’animal de compagnie, 26 (6), 549-562. Saunders Company, pp. 312 – 326.

7. Farbman DB. (2001) Death by chocolate? Methylxanthine 15. Shively CA, Tarka SM (1984) Methylxanthine composition and
toxicosis. Veterinary Technician 145-147. consumption patterns of cocoa and chocolate products. Prog
Clin Biol Res. 158: 149-178.
8. Glauberg A, Blumenthal HP. (1983) Chocolate Poisoning in the
Dog. JAAHA, 19 (3/4), 246-248. 16. Strachan ER, Bennett A. (1994) Theobromine poisoning in
dogs Vet Rec. 284 (letter).
9. Gwaltney-Brant S. (2001) Chocolate intoxication. Toxicology
Brief - Veterinary Medicine Publishing Group. 17. Sutton RH. (1981) Cocoa poisoning in a dog. Vet. Rec. 109, 563-564.

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