Page 124 - Raw Diet References Book 2019

Table VII-8.

Average energy requirements during growth and reproduction in dogs

Puppies Age Energy requirement

Newborn puppies 25kcal/100g BW 105kJ/100g BW

Up to 50 % of adult weight 210kcal/kg0.75 880kJ/kg0.75

50 to 80 % of adult weight 175kcal/kg0.75 730kJ/kg0.75

80 to 100 % of adult weight 140kcal/kg0.75 585kJ/kg0.75

Bitches Reproduction phase Energy requirement

Gestation* first 4weeks of gestation 132kcal/kg BW0.75 550kJ/kg BW0.75

last 5 weeks of gestation 132kcal/kg BW0.75 + 26/kg BW 550kJ/kg BW0.75 + 110/kg BW

Lactation** Lactating bitch: kcal kJoule

1 to 4 puppies 145/kg BW0.75 + 24n x kg BW x L 607/kg BW0.75 + 100n x kg BW x L

5 to 8 puppies 145/kg BW0.75 + (96 + 12n) x kg BW x L 607/kg BW0.75 + (400 + 50n) x kg BW x L

* Gesellschaft für Ernährungsphysiologie 1989a; ** NRC 2006a & 2006c, n = number of puppies; L = 0.75 in week 1 of lactation; 0.95 in week 2; 1.1 in week 3 and 1.2 in week 4

Overfeeding puppies can result in skeletal deformities & Toll 1993). Therefore, puppies should never be fed ad
especially in large and giant breeds (Dämmrich 1991, libitum and weight gain closely monitored.
Kealy et al. 1992 & 2002; Meyer & Zentek 1992; Richardson

2.4.2 Cats

Owing to the small variation in adult body weights, et al. 2007). Fediaf recommendations for normal active
the energy needs of cats are often expressed per kg adult cats are in accordance with NRC (2006) assuming
BW instead of per kg metabolic weight. In addition, if a maintenance energy requirement of 100kcal/kgBW
metabolic weight is used to calculate MER, the intra- 0.67 . For indoor and/or neutered adult cats the average
specific allometric coefficient of 0.67 proposed by maintenance energy requirement is estimated to be
Heusner in 1991 should be used (NRC 2006a), which has 75kcal/kgBW (Fettman et al., 1997, Harper et al., 2001).
0.67
recently been confirmed to be a more accurate than
the 0.75 (Nguyen et al. 2001; Edtstadtler-Pietsch 2003). Bjornvad et al. recommend that neutered cats should
be fed to maintain a body condition score (BCS) of 4 on
Although NRC specifies that 100kcal/kg is only the 9-point BCS (see ANNEX 1) (Bjornvad et al.2011).
0.67
valid for cats with a lean body condition, many lean
cats may need less energy (Riond et al. 2003, Wichert

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